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What makes an electric motor?

All appliances that can be switched on at the push of a button (washing machines, toothbrushes, etc.) are powered by electric motors. Especially in small devices they do their job quietly and inconspicuously. These are true power packs and generate mechanical energy. The combustion engine in the vehicles is well on its way to being displaced by the electric motor.

How does an electric motor work?

Electric motors convert electrical power into mechanical power. The electrical energy is supplied via a connection. The mechanical drive for devices and machines is a rotating shaft. Electric motors function on the magnetic action of electric current. The mode of operation is designed in such a way that magnets influence each other depending on the type of alignment. Poles of different names attract each other, poles of the same name repel each other.

What does an electric motor consist of?

The basis is a permanent magnet in a special design. Between its poles there is a rotating iron part. This is why a coil of insulated copper wire is wound. If direct current flows through the coil, a magnetic field is generated by the coil. An electromagnet is formed from the iron core. The electromagnet is rotatably mounted. This enables the alignment of the unequal poles in opposite positions. The electromagnet remains in this position until the current is switched off. The magnetic forces hold him in this position.
However, to ensure continuous rotation, the magnetic orientation must be reversed. This is done by changing the current direction in the coil. This is ensured by a slip ring connected to the coil. The contacts with the supply voltage are connected to it. Shortly before the optimum alignment of the electromagnet, the current is switched off via the slip ring, but switched on again immediately afterwards with the polarity reversed. The reverse current direction also reverses the magnetic field of the electromagnet. The poles of the same name now repel each other. The armature rotates until the unlike poles attract each other again. Shortly before the ideal alignment, the polarity of the current is reversed again and the process is repeated again.

Components Electric motors everyone has heard of!

Electric motor components" include the stator or stator. This is a motor housing with a shell-shaped magnet and is immovable. This part of the "electric motor components" consists of an electromagnet or permanent magnet.
Another part of the "electric motor components" is the rotor. This is the rotating part of the electric motor. The rotor consists of a motor shaft, the armature made of sheet iron, a slip ring and an armature coil with various windings. Sometimes there are still impellers on the anchor for cooling. Instead of the coil, permanent magnets in round design are also often used.

A drum armature is another part of the "electric motor components" and is a rotor with three or more poles. No matter which position the anchor is in, the current flows. This makes the engine more reliable.

The commutator or current transformer is the slip ring on the armature. The commutation is subject to wear. Brush fire develops at the contacts. To minimize this, sliding contacts made of graphite are used.

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