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AC motors are suitable for small and large outputs

AC motors are divided into synchronous and asynchronous motors. The asynchronous motors also differ in single-phase motors and three-phase motors. In all variants, the rotating field speed results from the frequency of the alternating field and the number of pole pairs. The speed per minute is indicated on the motor nameplate. It is calculated from 60 * frequency / number of pole pairs.

The history of these engines

Electric motors have been developed since the 19th century. At that time there was a competition between the technology for direct current and alternating current. After all, alternating current became established for many applications because it was easier to transport over longer distances.
In 1885, the Italian physicist Galileo Ferraris built the first known asynchronous motor. It had an output of almost three watts and an efficiency of 50 %. The first three-phase AC motor was developed in 1887 by Friedrich Haselwander. The well-known physicist Nicola Tesla received several patents on multiphase motors in 1888. Over time, he was able to improve their initial efficiency of 50% to 90%. Today, it is impossible to imagine our technical environment without this type of engine and it is offered by a large number of manufacturers.

Why choosing the right manufacturer is important

These motors are offered in an unmanageable variety in different performances, sizes and designs. Solid technical advice from the manufacturer can save you expensive mispurchases and a lot of trouble. Depending on the location and purpose of use, the installation of the engine is not easy for laymen. A good customer service of the manufacturer can be a valuable support. Every engine has wear parts. Therefore, the manufacturer should offer spare parts and a repair service.

Some advantages of AC motors

• The inrush current of these motors can be controlled.
• The current requirement at switch-on is considerably lower than with DC motors.
• The acceleration can also be controlled with this type of motor.
• A torque limitation can be set.
• These motors are more robust against power line disturbances.

The synchronous motor

This motor is characterised by the fact that the rotation of the rotor is synchronised with the current flow and the speed remains constant as the load changes. It is often used in robotics and measurement technology.

The asynchronous motor

For smaller outputs it is mainly used in the single-phase variant. In order to generate a rotating field, at least two voltages shifted in phase against each other are required. For this purpose, the field magnet is provided with two windings which are shifted by 90 ° to each other. The first winding is directly connected to the AC voltage, the second one is connected in parallel with a capacitor. In order to increase the very low starting torque, an additional starting capacitor can be connected in parallel. If larger motor outputs are required, a three-phase asynchronous motor with three phases is used. It has three windings on the stator, each offset by 120°, which interact with the field generated by the rotor winding.