DC motors Manufacturers online

Direct current motors (DC motors) convert direct current into rotary motion.

Towards the end of the 19th century, developments by Werner von Siemens meant that the DC motor could also be used in industry. However, this type of motor was increasingly replaced by AC and three-phase motors in the following decades.

Below you will find the structure and types of DC motors and their specific areas of application:

The structure of DC motors:

The main components of these motors are the stator, which is designed as a solid hollow cylinder, and the moving rotor inside it, also known as the armature. The rotor is designed as a coil. The current flow through the armature winding generates a second magnetic field that interacts with the field of the stator. The stator is either a permanent magnet or a coil with excitation windings.

Direct current motors are divided into:

1. Permanently excited motors:
They have the advantage that they are more efficient at low power levels, as no energy needs to be supplied to generate the stator magnetic field. The disadvantage with large motors is the price of the permanent magnet. Another disadvantage is the poor controllability of the speed, as the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cannot be reduced. This technology is therefore mainly used for smaller motors, such as in toys, electric bicycles or fans for cooling in motor vehicles.

2. The series-wound motor:
The name of the series-wound motor, which is also called a series-wound machine, refers to the connection of the armature and excitation windings of the stator. If they are connected in series, this is referred to as a series-wound motor. This interconnection of the armature and stator windings means that this motor can also be operated with alternating current. It is therefore also called an all-current motor. Another advantage of this type of motor is the lower starting current. However, they produce a high starting torque. This is why they are often used in vehicle starters. The series-wound motor is also often found in household appliances, such as vacuum cleaners.

3. The shunt-wound motor:
Another variant of the DC motor is the shunt-wound motor. Here, the windings of the armature and stator coils are connected in parallel. This means that they can only be operated with direct current. As the speed of these motors is virtually independent of the torque, shunt-wound machines are often used where the torque needs to remain constant under fluctuating loads. Examples of this are lifting tools or conveyor belts.

4. The double shunt motor:
This motor is a combination of series and shunt-wound machine. It has both a series winding and a shunt winding.

5. Externally excited motors:
In separately excited motors, the exciter and armature windings draw their energy from separately adjustable direct current sources. This means that the armature voltage can be changed independently of the excitation current. This type of motor is often used for dynamic drives, for example in machine tools.

Electric motors of all types emit considerably less heat than comparable combustion engines due to their greater efficiency. Forced ventilation is therefore only required for motors with a correspondingly high output. The main types of cooling used for DC motors are air or water cooling.

Here are the most important criteria to consider when buying DC motors:

When purchasing direct current motors (DC motors), there are various important aspects to consider to ensure that the motor is suitable for the intended application and will function reliably.

• The motor should be compatible with the intended voltage source. Ensure that the rated voltage of the motor matches the intended application.
• The current requirement of the motor must be able to be covered by the power source. Make sure that the motor does not draw more current than the power source can supply.
• The output power of the motor should be sufficient to perform the intended work. check that the power is sufficient for the load that the motor is to drive.
• Make sure that the starting torque of the motor is sufficient to get the load moving from a standstill.
• The rated torque should be designed for continuous operation of the intended application.
• Select a motor with a speed that matches the requirements of the application. Consider whether a constant speed or variable speed is required.
• If the application requires a variable speed, the motor should be equipped with an appropriate control system or be compatible with a speed controller.
• check which control methods the motor supports (e.g. PWM control, H-bridge) and whether these are suitable for your application.
• The motor must fit into the intended installation space and the weight should meet the mechanical requirements.
• Pay attention to the possible mounting methods (e.g. flange, foot mounting) and make sure that they are suitable for the planned application.
• High efficiency means less energy loss in the form of heat. This is particularly important for applications where energy saving and long running times are crucial.
• If the motor is used in special conditions, such as in potentially explosive environments or at extreme temperatures, you should take this into account when selecting the motor and choose a motor that complies with the relevant standards.
• Pay attention to the heat development of the motor and the type of cooling (e.g. air cooling, water cooling). Ensure that the cooling requirements are met in order to avoid overheating.
• Find out about the service life of the bearings and other wearing parts. Select motors with high-quality components that guarantee a long service life.
• The motor should be suitable for the ambient conditions (e.g. humidity, dust, temperature fluctuations). If necessary, you should select a motor with an appropriate degree of protection (IP protection class).
• Make sure that quality and reliability are not compromised in favor of a low price.
• Check the warranty conditions and the service offered by the manufacturer or supplier.
• Make sure that spare parts are readily available in case repairs or maintenance are required.
• If necessary, check whether the motor can be modified or customized for specific requirements.

By carefully considering these factors, you can ensure that the DC motor will meet the requirements of your specific application and provide reliable performance.

DC motors can be purchased from a variety of suppliers. Comprehensive information about manufacturers and suppliers of DC motors from all over the world can be found on Exportpages.