Permanent magnets Manufacturers online

Permanent magnets, also known as permanent magnets, are materials that generate a stable magnetic field after previous magnetization and retain their magnetic properties over very long periods of time.

In contrast to electromagnets, they do not require any electrical energy to do so. Permanent magnets are a cornerstone of modern technology. They are indispensable in many areas of technology, industry and everyday life.

Below you will find an overview of how permanent magnets work, the types and uses of permanent magnets and their advantages:

How permanent magnets work:

The basis of the magnetic effect lies in the alignment of the electron spins in the material.
In magnetizable materials, such as ferromagnetic materials like iron, cobalt, nickel or special alloys, the so-called Weiss districts align themselves in a common direction.
If this state is stabilized, a permanent magnetic field is created.

The strength and durability of a permanent magnet is determined by the following factors:

1. The chemical composition of the material.
2. The crystal structure of the material.
3. The manufacturing method (e.g. sintering, pressing, casting).

Types of permanent magnets:

Over time, different materials have been developed for permanent magnets, which differ in magnetic strength, temperature resistance and cost:

1. Ferrite magnets:
   Ceramic-type, low-cost magnets with moderate magnetic strength but high corrosion resistance and temperature resistance.
2. Alnico magnets:
   Alloys of aluminum, nickel and cobalt; formerly very common, have good temperature stability but lower magnetic strength than modern magnets.
3. Samarium-cobalt magnets (SmCo):
   Very powerful, temperature and corrosion resistant, also suitable for extreme environments; more expensive than ferrite.
4. Neodymium-iron-boron magnets (NdFeB):
   The strongest magnets commonly used today, with extremely high remanence.
   They are sensitive to corrosion and high temperatures and are often provided with protective coatings.

Use of permanent magnets:

It is impossible to imagine modern technologies without permanent magnets. They are used in:

1. Electric motors and generators:
For drives in industry, vehicles, wind turbines and household appliances.

2. Electronics and communication:
In loudspeakers, microphones, hard disks and sensors.

3. Medical technology:
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, implants and diagnostic systems.

4. Automotive technology:
In electromobility, ABS sensors, actuators and hybrid drives.

5. Everyday life:
Fridge magnets, magnetic fasteners, tools, toys.

6. Industrial separation and recycling:
For separating metallic materials.

Advantages of permanent magnets:

• Energy-independent: Generate their magnetic field without an external power source.
• High efficiency: They increase efficiency, especially in motors and generators.
• Compact design: Allow strong magnetic fields with a comparatively small size.
• Reliability and durability: Magnetic properties remain stable over many years.
• Versatility: From everyday use to high-tech applications in aerospace or medical technology.

Thanks to the ability of permanent magnets to provide a strong and stable magnetic field without an external energy source, they enable applications ranging from electronics and drive technology to medical technology. Thanks to the variety of materials and designs, the right magnet can be selected for almost any requirement - from inexpensive ferrite magnets for mass-produced products to high-performance neodymium or samarium-cobalt magnets for high-end technologies.

Here is an overview of the most important criteria to consider when buying permanent magnets:

When buying permanent magnets, it is not only important to get the best price, but also to carefully consider the technical properties, operating conditions and reliability of the supplier. Magnets are key components in many applications - from electric motors and sensors to medical technology - and their quality has a direct impact on the functional reliability, efficiency and service life of the end product.

• The first step in the procurement process is to precisely define the operating conditions. The following factors play a key role here:
• Magnet strength and energy product: Determining the required remanence and coercivity to ensure that the magnet delivers the desired performance over the entire service life.
• Temperature resistance: Clarification of whether the magnet remains stable at high or low temperatures. NdFeB magnets, for example, lose magnetic force above certain temperatures, while SmCo magnets are suitable for extreme temperature ranges.
• Susceptibility to corrosion: Some magnets, especially neodymium magnets, require coatings such as nickel, zinc or epoxy to prevent corrosion.
• Geometry and tolerances: Precise dimensions, accuracy of fit and shape, disks, blocks, rings or segments, must be specified, especially for use in motors or sensors.
• Magnetization direction: Radial, axial or multipolar magnetization - decisive for the function in the overall system.
• The material determines the area of application and the costs:
• Ferrite for low-cost applications with medium magnetic force and high temperature resistance.
• Alnico for special applications with high temperature stability but lower magnetic force.
• Samarium-cobalt for high-performance applications with extreme temperature and corrosion resistance.
• Neodymium-iron-boron for maximum magnetic force in a compact size, but only with protection against corrosion and with temperature limits.
• A professional purchaser pays attention not only to the magnet data, but also to the reliability of the manufacturer.
• Does the supplier have experience and references in the respective sector (e.g. automotive, medical technology, industry)?
• Does the supplier have a quality management system with certifications such as ISO 9001 or industry-specific standards (e.g. IATF 16949 in the automotive industry)?
• Is traceability of materials guaranteed, especially for safety-critical applications?
• Does the supplier have the ability to supply special shapes or customer-specific solutions?
• Are inspection and testing options such as magnetic field measurements, temperature tests, corrosion tests offered?
• In addition to the technical criteria, commercial aspects also play an important role. Purchasing should therefore::
• Determine the price-performance ratio by comparing material quality, delivery conditions and long-term costs.
• Consider delivery times and security of supply, especially for neodymium and SmCo magnets, as these are dependent on rare earths and there are geopolitical risks.
• Consider the supplier's storage and handling capabilities because magnets must be securely packaged and transported to avoid damage or uncontrolled adhesive forces.
• Conclude agreements on warranties, guarantees, complaints and long-term availability of series products.
• Professional purchasing also increasingly takes environmental and sustainability aspects into account

The precise definition of technical requirements, the selection of the right material, the examination of supplier competence and the consideration of costs, sustainability and security of supply are crucial. Only if all these factors are taken into account can it be ensured that the magnets in the end product function reliably and achieve the desired service life.

Permanent magnets can be purchased from various suppliers. Comprehensive information about manufacturers and suppliers of Permanent magnets from all over the world can be found on Exportpages.